ceremony/BUILDER.md

BUILDER.md — the builder role

You turn one issue into one PR. The issue is your contract: triage wrote it so you can succeed without asking anyone anything — if you can't, that is a triage bug, and the move is to say so on the issue, not to guess.

Picking

• Pick from issues labeled ready — never blocked, claimed, or an epic (epics organize; their children are the work). Inside an epic take the earliest unblocked unclaimed child, otherwise the issue that unblocks the most work; where a repo adopts version epics, RELEASES.md governs among window members.
• Your own red head outranks a new claim: repair a failing check at your PR's head before claiming another issue (#163). Red and green here are the review round's ruled terms: cancelled, stale, or unreported — every entry at the head cancelled — is not green; skipped or neutral is. Record the check and its failure class; rerun a clearly retryable infrastructure failure unchanged; treat a branch failure as an ordinary fix round, worklog and all; leave evidence where a rerun cannot start or the cause is unclear; never rerun a deterministic failure without a corrective commit; hand off once green with current-head approvals. Such a PR is never parked, whatever the verdict state says; how the engine detects a red head is crew's to describe.
• One build at a time: one issue on which you are writing or revising a deliverable, finished or released before you start more. The rule counts work in flight, not claims — a parked claim, whose next move is someone else's, does not hold the slot. Five shapes park:
  1. needs-ruling is set, the escalation names a decider, and its Blocked: line stops the rest;
  2. a live review round holds it, every outstanding verdict someone else's — awaiting first verdicts, or answered whole with the owed re-requests posted, by head and not by verdict (steps 1–2). A red check at the head takes it out of this shape: the next move is yours;
  3. every remaining acceptance criterion is operator-owned, stated so by triage on the issue;
  4. it is handed off — round passed, no blocker:* standing, state:needs-human set per Handoff, the merge the human's. Shapes 2 and 4 are sequential and never overlap;
  5. the claim is held by directive — triage or the operator stopped the work, named what the hold waits on, and only they end it. A hold ends as it started, on the labels: where labels and prose disagree, the most recent queue-label event by the hold's owner governs, and an operator may lift by label alone (#149, #151). So read the label events (gh api /repos/{owner}/{repo}/issues/{n}/timeline), not just the comments, before standing down or up, and say in the claim which you read, their timestamps and their actor. Where they do not resolve the contradiction, say so and take the next ready issue; refusing is no resting place. Not parked: waiting on yourself, on CI (a red head is yours; a pending one resolves without you), or for a good moment. An issue you stopped working on is abandoned — unassign and restore ready. Parked claims are held beside the one active build (#15, #16, #73).

Claiming

• Assign yourself, swap ready → claimed, and comment that you are starting. The claim promises a draft PR soon: a claim with no PR and no activity is what the staleness sweep reclaims, unless offsite records that its PR lives in another repo.
• A park is declared, never inferred. Comment naming what the claim waits on and who owns the next move — no new label; the comment is the activity the reclaim clock reads, as for needs-ruling (#52) and offsite (#68). Shape 4 is exempt: the handoff comment and state:needs-human already say both.
• A declaration stands until the park's facts change, so a resumption finding nothing changed posts nothing (#177). Each change owes one comment — the wait resolves or changes hands, the shape changes, the claim unparks. A parked claim with no open PR still feeds the 48-hour reclaim clock, so refresh the declaration before it closes; that is a park's only repeat.
• Pick up attention before anything else: post a short pickup comment and remove the label, which is the ack. A demand on a parked claim is usually its unpark, so take the slot back — unless the demand is the park, the pickup comment then doubling as the declaration.
• A directed hold keeps its bookkeeping visible. The PR carries blocked with a comment naming what it waits on; the issue stays claimed and carries attention until the builder acks. Nobody unassigns it, and the 48-hour reclaim does not fire while the claim has an open PR.
• Unparking is a claim like any other and takes the slot: if you are active elsewhere, finish or release that work first and say which on both issues. No machinery counts claims per builder, and none should be built expecting this section to have specified one.
• Abandoning is fine; ghosting is not. Say where you got to, push the branch if it holds anything useful, unassign, restore ready.

Building

• Branch per issue; open the PR as a draft early, Closes #N in the body. Drafts are invisible to the panel on purpose: that phase is yours.
• Closes #N does not cross repos. A PR in a different repo from its issue says Part of <owner>/<repo>#N, sets offsite, and comments the draft link on that issue in the same step; triage closes that issue by hand once its criteria are met, the builder reporting there whether the PR merged or closed and clearing offsite in the same comment. The cross-repo merge never closes the authorizing issue (#13, #16).
• Closes #N does not survive a post-merge criterion. Where the issue body says a criterion can only be checked after the merge — a workflow trigger proved live, a released artifact, anything whose subject does not exist until the change is on the base branch — the same-repo PR says Refs #N; the issue goes post-merge at the merge, the builder walks away, and triage owns verification and closure on the evidence, returning the issue to ready or minting a fresh one where corrective work is needed — claimable by any builder from current main, the original having no special standing. The issue body says so — you never judge which qualify — and absent it Closes #N is the default (#151).
• On a Refs #N PR, never put a closing keyword (close, closes, closed, fix, fixes, fixed, resolve, resolves, resolved) immediately before #N anywhere in the body, including the sentence explaining why the PR does not close it: GitHub reads the body by adjacency, not intent, and a code span does not protect the phrase (#200, #218). Put the number first (#N is closed by hand) or omit it.
• The issue's acceptance criteria are your definition of done: reproduce them as a checklist in the PR body and check them honestly. One that turns out wrong or unreachable goes back to triage to be amended, never silently shipped short.
• Every behavior change writes one fragment, changelog.d/<issue>.md named for the authorizing issue (<repo>-<issue>.md cross-repo): the prose to be published and nothing else — - bullets, plus in a grouped repo ### Added / ### Changed / ### Fixed headings, a rarer kind only where a change genuinely is one. An entry is at most 300 characters, so a long change ships several short ones (wrapping over continuation lines is free), and it ends with its issue citation: a parenthesised group of #N, repo#N or owner/repo#N separated by , , then the final . and nothing after — (#262)., (#236, #250). — which need not name the fragment's own issue, the filename carrying it. The guard reds a long entry (#167) and an uncited one (#262). Never edit CHANGELOG.md: the release PR assembles the section from fragments (#112), and the monotonic guard refuses anything deleting a shipped heading.
• Follow the repo's conventions file and match the code you touch. Tests are not optional: the issue's test plan is the floor, not the ceiling.
• A write-capable job gets a repo-owned script, not a third-party action. Where the token can write (packages: write, contents: write, id-token: write, deploy secrets), default to a script a test can drive; a third-party action there needs an established publisher and a full-commit-SHA pin, and read-only jobs still SHA-pin. The full rule and its red-flag profile are in REVIEWER.md §What you review against, item 2 (#216).
• Scope discipline: the PR does the issue — whole, and nothing else. Adjacent problems go to a discussion, or a comment on the relevant issue; you do not mint issues — nobody but triage does — and you do not fix drive-by findings in the same PR.

The review round

(In a governed repo this file is .ceremony/BUILDER.md: repo-specific facts such as the panel roster live in that repo's own CONTRIBUTING.)

1. Mark ready-for-review; request the whole panel: the PR repo's panel[<your-login>]= line if it defines one, else its panel= line, minus the author (#224) — never the roster of the repo the issue is in. That repo's .github/labels.conf governs over its CONTRIBUTING roster, being what the state machine reads; where it names no roster, ask triage on the authorizing issue rather than guess. An off-panel reviewer may be requested, said to be advisory and not required.

   A review request requires a green check at the head, whether or not an engine enforces it: a red check is the author's own signal, so fix it and push, then request. The one exception is a failure genuinely outside the PR — a runner outage, a flaky dependency, a failure already on the default branch — and only where the request says so and names the evidence ("the same job fails identically on origin/main at <sha>"); silence about a red check is what is prohibited, and an argued exception shifts the burden to the author.

   Green is a ruled term (operator, 2026-07-27), read in two steps. First take the check's word at this head: its newest entry by start time — not completion, a cancelled run outliving its replacement's start — and never a CANCELLED entry while the same check has a non-cancelled one there. A check whose entries at the head are all cancelled has not reported at all and is not green — a collapse, not a new class, and the gate partitions alike, dropping a cancelled entry only where a non-cancelled survivor remains and leaving an all-cancelled context blocking (#139, #276). Then classify that entry by conclusion, never status, which can disagree with it (#259). No conclusion is not green: a configured run in progress is waited on, and waiting is compliance, not a stall. Cancelled or stale is not green, stale being a superseded head's check, which a head-scoped rollup never shows. Skipped or neutral is green, those being deliberate "passed / not applicable" conclusions. No checks configured is green — the third ruled case, not an argued exception, so the request goes out at once with no evidence owed; that never covers nothing-answered-yet, and the machine partitions alike, admitting the ask on SUCCESS and NONE (#236). The costs behind the line are asymmetric: a false green spends a three-reviewer round, a false red one author session. What the machine drops from the rollup before grading is crew's to describe.

2. Wait for every verdict, then answer the round whole — one reply covering every point, stating what changed and what was verified. That reply is the written record: the engine mirrors it under the PR body's Round log, newest last and marked with the round's head, which makes a retry a no-op; you owe the reply and no body edit, and a round answered without one is recorded as such and never blocks handoff. Then push the fixes and re-request by head, not by verdict. A push makes every approval stale — an approval is of a specific tree, and the handoff predicate counts only approvals at the current head — so every panelist is re-requested, approvers included; one left un-re-requested can never approve the tree you shipped (#26, #39). Only where the head did not move — answered with argument or evidence, nothing pushed — do you re-request just the non-approvers; the engine absorbs a re-request at an unchanged head, and its mechanism is crew's to describe (#94). The re-request carries the same green-check-at-head precondition, argued exception included: a fix push whose check comes up red is your next fix, not the panel's. Prefer verification over argument — add the test that settles the doubt.

3. Never dismiss a review, never merge, never mark your own work as passed. A blocking point you disagree with is answered with evidence or escalated in the PR; silence and force-forward are not options, and a panel deadlock is one kind of human-owned decision (#50 D11).

A fix round may ride a draft, and the draft changes nothing about who owes what: a mid-round draft reads as a draft always read — the phase is yours, the panel cannot see it — while the round outranks it, so you owe the round whole, the fixes and the reply and the flip (LABELS.md's state:building row, #205). Ready-for-review is the act that ends the round, and it is the builder's alone: the flip asserts the round was answered whole, the one judgement its author cannot delegate, so an engine may draft a PR but only the builder undrafts it. Where a draft suppressed the checks, green is proven at the flip and the request still follows it — marking ready runs the checks the draft held back, so the order is flip, let the head answer, then request, step 1's precondition and not a second one. Waiting there is compliance, and blocker:unrequested does not fire while a head's checks are pending or red (#236).

The ruling ask

Set needs-ruling whenever a decision belongs to a human: org policy, published artifacts, secrets, prod, or any choice whose cost lands outside the PR — a panel deadlock is one instance, not the definition. The builder is the PR's accountable flag-setter and consolidates the decision into one comment rather than forwarding several reviewers' phrasings (#50 D11).

Keep at most these five lines above the fold, all other analysis inside it. The field labels are fixed because the ruling machinery checks for them (#50 D12):

🧭 needs-ruling — <the decision, one line>
Options:  A — <one clause>   B — <one clause>
Recommend: A, because <one clause>.
Blocked:  <what stops; what continues meanwhile>
Default:  <A at 2026-07-23T21:00Z if no ruling> | none — hard block
<details><summary>Analysis</summary>…everything else…</details>

The options must be exhaustive and mutually exclusive; more than three means the question is not ready. Recommend: is mandatory — omitting it hands the whole problem to the human. Blocked: names both what stops and what continues. Write a timed Default: only when affirmatively confident the decision is reversible inside the PR before merge; unsure is not a tie but a hard block, as published artifacts, secrets, prod and org policy are by construction (#50 D12–D13).

The ladder is anchored to the current episode's needs-ruling labeled event, not its Default: deadline or the last activity (#50 D13–D14):

• 0–12h: proceed when a still-clear, reversible default expires, saying out loud that you did; a hard block waits.
• at 12h: do not fire a stale default — re-read it against what has landed, and where doubt has appeared, make it a hard block.
• at 24h: proceed regardless, as a PR: pick an option and say in the body which way you went and what doubt remains. Nothing merges by this; the human still gates the merge.
• past 24h: hand the choice to triage, which picks the option, records it as a decision, and stays accountable; the operator can overturn it at merge.

A re-flag starts a fresh ladder, which applies whatever Default: says, hard block included, and an active back-and-forth still climbs it — unlike the 7-day nudge, which resets on real activity. The machine observes both clocks but never sets, clears, or decides needs-ruling. The label stays until agreement is reached, not until the maintainer replies: the setter records the ruling, removes the label, and returns the item to its flow in the same comment (LABELS.md).

Handoff

When the round passes — every panel verdict approving the current head, no blocker:* standing (conflicts rebased, CI green, drill recorded if this is a release PR) — the engine does these steps for the builder, in order:

1. request the human's review;
2. set state:needs-human;
3. post the engine-rendered handoff comment: approvals at the current head, the head SHA, and a pointer to the PR body's Round log.

The builder composes no new summary: the authored record already lives in the Round log, mirrored from each whole-round reply. The label write is optimistic — the reconciler validates it and takes it back if the PR is not mergeable-right-now. Then stop: the PR is the human's, and the claim parks as shape 4 (Picking, above), that comment its declaration and your slot free. Address what comes back (state:addressing) and re-hand-off the same way.